The international conference was held in Prague November 20–21, 2009. The occasion was the 20th anniversary of the fall of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. The Conference was organized by the Institute of Contemporary History of the ASCR in the cooperation with the Office of the Government of the CR and the Institute of International Studies of the Faculty of Social Science of the Charles University. Invited world known historians of contemporary history from eleven countries exchanged their opinions on issues concerning the role which the East-Central European countries played during the 45-year Cold War and to consider long-term consequences of this period which the international community is still poring over at the beginning of the 21st century.
Astronomical X-Ray Optics
The International Workshop on Astronomical X-Ray Optics took place in Prague December 6–12, 2009. Its goal was to present and to discuss recent and forthcoming technologies for future X-ray astronomy missions, with emphasis on IXO of ESA/NASA/JAXA. These missions require development of mostly innovative technologies, and invited speakers discussed the possibilities, results obtained so far, and new ideas in detail.